Respuesta :
Not all of the energy from the plant is available to the main customer. The consumer can only access the renewable energy that has been stored. The efficiency of a primary consumer will therefore be higher than that of a secondary consumer.
Generally speaking, the transfer of energy between trophic levels is not very effective. Only 10% or so of the energy stored as biomass at one trophic level, such as primary producers, is typically transferred to the next trophic level, such as primary consumers. Input of solar energy, temperature, moisture, carbon dioxide levels, nutrient availability, and community interactions, such as herbivore feeding, all affect net primary production, which varies amongst ecosystems.
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