12 protons are pumped into the inner membrane space at etc complex iv if one (1) molecule of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is supposed to oxidize via glycolysis, the PDC, and the CAC in a skeletal muscle cell.
The NADH molecules generated during glycolysis in skeletal muscle cells need to be moved onto the electron transport chain while being aerobically pumped. Glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle activity is used by these cells to do this. While reducing a molecule of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) into glycerol 3-phosphate, the NADH molecules in this shuttle are first oxidized back into NAD+.
Thus, at complex IV, 12 protons are simultaneously generated and introduced into the inner membrane in accordance with the subsequent glycolysis steps occured.
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