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During vigorous exercise, stimulation of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle results principally from stimulation of the flux via a number of enzyme by a reduced NADH/NAD+ ration. Found in the mitochondrial matrix, the TCA cycle's main job in working skeletal muscle is to oxidize acetyl-CoA produced by the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate and the -oxidation of fatty acids in order to provide reducing equivalents (NADH, FADH2) for the synthesis of ATP.
What is Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) ?
TCA cycle acts as the primary source of energy for cells and an essential component of aerobic respiration. It is also referred to as the Krebs or citric acid cycle. TCA cycle converts the chemical energy of acetyl coenzyme A into the reducing force of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH).
The TCA cycle involves the oxidation of glucose to pyruvate, which is then further oxidized and enters the TCA cycle as acetyl-CoA.
The cycle's half of intermediates also serve as the starting point for pathways that lead to significant molecules such fatty acids, amino acids, etc.
How is TCA cycle stimulated during vigorous exercise?
The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in the mitochondria is one of the metabolic pathways that focuses on making reducing equivalents and receives acetyl-CoA mostly from carbohydrate and fat to do so. Increased mitochondrial Ca2+ concentrations during aerobic activity trigger the TCA cycle's isocitrate and -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase enzymes. Citrate synthase, a third enzyme, regulates the flux through the TCA cycle while substrate buildup and local regulators fine-tune the flux via the dehydrogenases.
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