Numerous individuals made the decision to leave their own countries and relocate to the US. Many immigrated to the US because they believed it to be the land of economic opportunity, fleeing things like crop failure, land and job shortages, rising taxation, and starvation. Others arrived in search of personal freedom or protection from political and religious persecution.
The majority of immigrants from northern and western Europe, including Great Britain, Ireland, and Scandinavia, continued to arrive in the United States between 1800 and 1900.
The 1840s saw a surge in American expansionism due to a complex combination of political, social, and economic forces. "Manifest Destiny," the idea that Providence had predestined the United States to colonize as much of the continent as possible, was a doctrine that was widely accepted among Americans.
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