Presidents were once able to empower their supporters through patronage. However, as reforms eliminated this choice, presidents were forced to find substitutes.
They are unable to bring measures into Congress; instead, members must do so.
Liaison with lawmakers.
A veto.
Statement signatures.
Congress's Presidential Scorecards.
Executive orders, proclamations, and presidential pardons are all inventions of presidents. Additionally, they still had the authority to request the dismissal of cabinet members.
However, the scope of presidential authority dramatically expanded from 1898 to 1920. The need for an executive force to act as a go-between between labor and management, the inability of other parts of government to maintain an industrializing society, and, once more, foreign affairs and war, were among the main drivers of such growth.
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