Carbonic acid, or H2CO3, is a chemical compound made up of the elements hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen. When carbon dioxide (CO2), its anhydride, dissolves in water, a small amount of it is formed.
What is carbonic acid?
- Hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen combine to form carbonic acid (H2CO3). When carbon dioxide (CO2), its anhydride, dissolves in water, it is created in trace amounts.
CO2 + H2O ⇌ H2CO3
- Just CO2 molecules that are not fully hydrated constitute the dominant species. The two salt series hydrogen carbonates, containing HCO3, and carbonates, containing CO32, can be formed from carbonic acid, which can be thought of as a diprotic acid.
H2CO3 + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + HCO3−
HCO3− + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + CO32−
- However, the differing speeds of certain of the relevant processes as well as their reliance on the system's pH determine how acidic or basic carbonic acid behaves. For instance, with a pH lower than 8, the main reactions and their corresponding relative speeds are as follows:
CO2 + H2O ⇌ H2CO3 (slow)
H2CO3 + OH− ⇌ HCO3− + H2O (fast)
The subsequent reactions are crucial above pH 10:
CO2 + OH− ⇌ HCO3− (slow)
HCO3− + OH− ⇌ CO32− + H2O (fast)
- All of the aforementioned equilibrium processes have a significant pH range (8–10).
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