Respuesta :
An atom's ability to draw the shared electrons of a covalent bond to itself is measured by its electronegativity. The shared electrons will be evenly distributed if the atoms that are bonded together have the same electronegativity. The electrons in a bond will not be distributed equally if one of the atoms is more electronegative and thus attracts more of the bond's electrons. The more electronegative atom will "take" the electrons if the difference in electronegativity is great enough, creating two ions and an ionic bond. Otherwise, the electrons will not be shared at all.
- Think about a tug-of-war match. The rope stays in the middle if the two teams are of equal strength. The rope is pulled in the direction of the team with the advantage in strength. When one team is significantly stronger than the other, the weaker team is no longer able to hold onto the rope, and the entire rope ultimately ends up on the side of the stronger team.
- Chemical bonds can be compared to this. The electrons are shared equally if the electronegativity of the two bonding atoms is equal. The electrons of the bond are more drawn to an atom if it has a higher electronegative potential. The electrons won't be shared, leading to an ionic bond, if one atom is significantly more electronegative than the other atom.
- The scale of Pauling electronegativity is depicted in the periodic table below. Fluorine, the element with the highest electronegative charge, has a value of 4.0. As we can see, electronegativities typically increase from left to right across a period and decrease down a group.
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