Each gamete is genetically distinct because the DNA of the parent cell is shuffled before the cell divides. Gametes have half as many chromosomes as the other cells in the organism.
DNA is transmitted from one cell generation to the next by cell division, and ultimately from the parent organisms to their progeny. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes both divide their cells, but they do it in very different ways. Eukaryotic cells divide specifically through the processes of mitosis and meiosis. All eukaryotes undergo the process of mitosis, in which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells, each of which has the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Contrarily, meiosis only takes place in eukaryotic creatures that reproduce sexually. The cells required for sexual reproduction divide during meiosis to create new cells called gametes.
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