The pressure of water stored in the depth increases with the depth. So, the bottom of the dam is broader to support the increase in water pressure.
A dam is a structure that controls or stops the flow of subsurface or surface water. Dams build reservoirs that serve multiple purposes, including flood control, irrigation, human consumption, industrial use, aquaculture, and navigability.
Due to the fact that a liquid's pressure grows with depth, this is the cause. Consequently, the water's pressure on the dam's wall grows as the depth does. The thickness of the dam was increased toward the bottom since a thicker wall is needed to bear more pressure.
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