The electron configuration of copper is 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^1 3d^10.
The electron configuration of an element (in this case; copper) illustrates how electrons are distributed in its atomic orbitals.
The atomic number of copper is 29 and it is a d-block element. According to the Aufbau principle, the electrons fill atomic orbitals of the lowest energy levels first, before filling the higher energy levels in the ground state of an atom or ion.
However, a completely filled d-shell is more stable naturally. Therefore, one electron from the 4s shell goes into the d-orbital so that the copper atom can attain stability.
As a result, when a copper atom loses an electron, it goes out from the 4s shell first.
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