Sea surface temperatures in the eastern equatorial peruvian coastline were higher than usual during the 1997–1998 El Nino. September 1997 was the highest sea temperature in the previous 50 years.
The southeast tradewinds that traverse the Andes weaken every two to seven years. Surface water off the coast of peruvian coastline is no longer deflected offshore as a result of this. As a result, coastal upwelling in peruvian coastline is reduced. Off the coast of Peru, the sea surface water is still present, warming the coastal waters. Less upwelling results in more warm water than cold water at the tropical Pacific's El Nino. Trade winds and strong equatorial currents often move in a westward direction, and the peruvian coastline current causes cold water to upwell along the coast of west South America. But when there is an El Nino, the pressure shifts, reducing trade winds and driving warm water to travel eastward rather than westward toward the equator.
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