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This diagram shows a hypothetical capillary where the blood pressure exceeds the osmotic pressure over the length of the capillary. In other capillaries, the blood pressure may be lower than the osmotic pressure along all or part of the capillary.
What is capillary exchange?
Capillary exchange describes the transfer of substances from the blood into the capillary's tissues. The passage of chemicals from the blood into the capillary's tissues is referred to as capillary exchange. Diffusion, transcytosis, and bulk flow are the three mechanisms that promote capillary exchange. Three mechanisms—diffusion, transcytosis, and bulk flow—encourage capillary exchange. Exchange Mechanisms in Capillaries the most common process, diffusion, permits tiny molecules to pass through capillaries, including glucose, oxygen, and carbon dioxide from the blood into the tissues, as well as from the tissues into the blood. Because the interstitium and blood have different gradients, molecules move from highly concentrated regions to low-concentrated ones throughout this process. Large, lipid-insoluble molecules pass capillary membranes via a process called transcytosis. The osmotic pressure imposed by the plasma or the proteins in interstitial fluid is known as oncotic pressure. Hydrostatic pressure, also referred to as fluid pressure, is the result of fluid, such as blood plasma or interstitial fluid, pressing against the capillary walls. The net flow of fluid across the capillary membrane is controlled by the net filtration pressure, which is the equilibrium of the four Starling forces. Because of the pressure of the blood in the capillaries, which promotes a net flow of fluid from the blood vessels into the interstitium, blood hydrostatic pressure is higher than the hydrostatic pressure of interstitial fluid.
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