All these mentioned features demonstrate a male's degree of reproductive fitness.
The reproductive fitness or fertility reflects an individual's ability to pass on their genes to the next generation. Fitness traits, also called life history traits, are complex phenotypes that integrate measures of fertility and mortality and are direct targets of Darwinian selection. Each population evolves in a specific habitat to maximize fertility. Natural selection can cause microevolution (changes in allele frequency), making fitness-enhancing alleles more common in a population. Fitness is known to be a measure of reproductive success (how many offspring an organism leaves in the next generation)
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