Studies of cores taken from deep-sea sediment and continental glacier glaciers show the movement of plates throughout various time periods.
The movement of the plates results in two different types of tectonic boundaries: transform, where the plates move sideways with respect to one another, and convergent, where the plates merge. Each year, there is a movement of three to five centimeters or one to two inches. The widely accepted scientific theory known as plate tectonics states that the Earth's lithosphere is composed of numerous large tectonic plates that have been moving gradually for close to 3.4 billion years.
The continental drift theory, which was developed in the early 20th century, is the foundation of the model. Following confirmation of seafloor spreading in the mid- to late 1960s, plate tectonics became largely accepted by geoscientists.
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