Cryolite, which also has a relatively low melting point, is used as an electrolyte because, among other things, it dissolves alumina well, conducts electricity, dissociates electrolytically at a higher voltage than alumina, and has a lower density than aluminum at the temperatures needed for the electrolysis.
At 950 °C (1,750 °F), a nearly pure aluminum oxide compound called alumina is dissolved in a molten electrolyte made of aluminum, sodium, and fluorine. This electrolyte is then electrolyzed to produce aluminum metal at the cathode and oxygen gas at the anode.
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