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The chief motivation for the colonial expansion of Russia during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was the access to the warm-water ports. These warm-water ports have played an essential role in the Russian foreign policy, since the water in her does not freeze even during the winter season.
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Answer:

access to warm-water ports.

Explanation:

A warm-water port is a port where the water does not freeze in winter since they are available yearly.they are used to improve the geopolitical or economic interest and due to this  Russia needed a warm water port to have a well-rounded economy like China or America.