Frederick the Great made Prussia a major European power primarily through creating an efficient professional bureaucracy and implementing various reforms that strengthened the state and its military capabilities. While he did correspond with Enlightenment thinkers like Voltaire and was influenced by their ideas, his policies and actions were more focused on pragmatic state-building rather than purely Enlightenment ideals. Confiscating church property did occur under his reign, but it was not the primary factor in Prussia's rise as a major power. Forming an alliance with Catherine the Great of Russia did happen, but this alliance was not the sole reason for Prussia's ascendancy. Thus, the most accurate choice among the options provided is creating an efficient professional bureaucracy.
