To identify scenarios that contradict ideal gas characteristics, we need to consider deviations from kinetic-molecular principles or exceptions to ideal gas behavior. Here are the three options that represent such deviations:
1. A gas at very low volumes, when gas particles are very close together:
- In this scenario, the assumption of negligible volume for gas particles breaks down as the particles are crowded in a small space, leading to intermolecular interactions that are significant enough to affect the gas behavior.
2. A gas at very low temperatures, when gas particles have very little kinetic energy:
- At very low temperatures, gas particles have reduced kinetic energy, which can result in decreased collisions and movement, deviating from the ideal gas model where particles are assumed to have constant, high kinetic energy.
3. A gas with highly polar molecules that have very strong intermolecular forces:
- Highly polar molecules with strong intermolecular forces exhibit deviations from ideal gas behavior due to the significant interactions between molecules, causing them to behave differently than predicted by the ideal gas law.
By recognizing these scenarios, we acknowledge the limitations of the ideal gas model and understand how deviations from ideal gas behavior can occur under specific conditions.
