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1. The enzyme couldn't break down a different substrate because the shape of the active site is specific and complementary to the substrate it normally acts upon. If the shape of the substrate differs significantly, the enzyme may not be able to bind to it properly, affecting its ability to catalyze the reaction efficiently.
2. Steps in the breakdown of one substrate molecule into two product molecules by an enzyme:
1. A solution of the enzyme is mixed with a solution containing substrate molecules.
2. One substrate molecule fits neatly into the active site of the enzyme, like a key into a lock.
3. Some bonds in the substrate molecule break, causing the formation of two product molecules.
4. The product molecules, having a different shape than the substrate, no longer fit into the active site and are released.
5. The active site of the enzyme molecule is free to accept another substrate molecule.
a) The first statement that will not happen if the enzyme is denatured is "One substrate molecule fits neatly into the active site of the enzyme, like a key into a lock."
b) This will not happen if the enzyme is denatured because denaturation changes the enzyme's structure, including the active site. When denatured, the active site loses its specific shape and functionality, making it unable to bind with the substrate effectively and carry out the catalytic function as intended.
