A) The boundaries often put rival ethnic and religious groups in the same country.
Newly independent countries faced significant challenges due to the colonial boundaries that were often arbitrarily drawn by colonial powers without regard for the ethnic, cultural, and religious composition of the regions. This often led to internal conflicts and tensions, as groups with historical rivalries or significant differences found themselves within the same national borders. This issue was a common source of instability and conflict in many post-colonial states.
