The Fourteenth Amendment
(proposed in 1866 and ratified in 1868) provides a broad definition of national citizenship, overturning the Dred Scott
case, which excluded African Americans. It requires the states to provide equal protection under the law to all persons (not only to citizens) within their jurisdictions.The Thirteenth Amendment (proposed and ratified in
The Fifteenth Amendment (ratified in 1870) grants voting rights regardless of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude".
1865) abolished slavery.
