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Recombination is an exchange between homologous chromosomes (e.g. chr 1 from mom x chr 1 from dad). Since it usually happens during meiosis, these strands are later separated. Recombination can be unequal or equal, but it's usually equal, and unequal crossovers are generally quite small (but a common source of addition/deletion).

Reciprocal translocation refers to an exchange between different chromosomes (e.g. chr 1 x chr 2). It is considered a large scale mutation (resulting in a large addition to one chromosome, and a large deletion in another).

The difference between translocation and addition is in the fact that there is no break off of parts of chromosomes in addition but this occurs in translocation.

Addition/insertion with regards to mutation occurs when one or more nucleotide base pairs is added/inserted into a chromosomes and causing a frameshift in the sequence of the gene.

While translocation occurs when a part of a chromosome breaks off and this broken part gets added or inserted into another region in a gene sequence.

Therefore, both terms involve insertion but in translocation, there needs to be a break off from a particular chromosomes.

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