Because of hydrogen bond, ice is less denser than liquid water.
What is hydrogen bond?
- The force of attraction existing between hydrogen atom which is attached to highly electronegative atom in a covalent molecule and more electronegative atom of another covalent molecule is called hydrogen bond.
- Hydrogen bond is possible mostly in polar covalent molecules where partial charge separation is there.
- Hydrogen bond is possible mostly in polar covalent molecules where partial charge separation is there.
- They specifically occur between compounds that contain hydrogen and one or more of the electronegative atoms: oxygen, fluorine, or nitrogen.
- As this bond existed between partial charges, it is considered to be weak bond than ionic and covalent bonds.
When water freezes, the water molecules form a crystalline structure by hydrogen bonds. An ice is less denser than liquid water, because the orientation of hydrogen bonds causes molecules to push farther apart, which lowers the density.
Hence, option b is the answer.
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