You are a researcher interested in a group of related bird species. All of these birds are fairly similar in their ecological niche, food requirements, and habitat preferences. But they vary in their mating practices. One species is polygynous and another is polyandrous with the third species being monogamous. In which species would you expect that males would produce the largest volume of sperm?

The monogamous species

The polygynous species

The polyandrous species

None of the above: all three would produce similar amounts of sperm