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Read the passage.

1. With my backpack full of notes about my essay and borrowed books, I trudged through the slush to the library. After months of note-taking, I was eager to compose my thesis.The library’s fourth floor housed a computer lab, and I could hear the hum of fifty computers as I exited the elevator. Unfortunately, there were no available computers, and among the political posters on the wall, a makeshift list had been added for people awaiting a turn at a computer. I added my name to the list and considered returning to the typewriter in my dorm room.

What can readers infer about the time period of the passage?

A. Textbooks were too expensive for students to afford.
B. College students were expected to publish their writing.
C. College libraries were gathering places for student activists.
D. Personal computers were not the norm among students.Read the excerpt from President Ronald Reagan’s Address at Moscow State University.

2. But progress is not foreordained. The key is freedom—freedom of thought, freedom of information, freedom of communication. The renowned scientist, scholar, and founding father of this university, Mikhail Lomonosov, knew that. "It is common knowledge," he said, "that the achievements of science are considerable and rapid, particularly once the yoke of slavery is cast off and replaced by the freedom of philosophy." You know, one of the first contacts between your country and mine took place between Russian and American explorers. The Americans were members of Cook's last voyage on an expedition searching for an Arctic passage; on the island of Unalaska, they came upon the Russians, who took them in, and together with the native inhabitants, held a prayer service on the ice.

In this excerpt, President Reagan expresses his opinion that the key to progress is freedom. This is

A. a substantiated opinion because Reagan quotes an expert.
B. a substantiated opinion because Reagan lists many freedoms.
C. an unsubstantiated opinion because Reagan shares personal feelings.
D. an unsubstantiated opinion because Reagan gives a historical example.

Read the excerpt from The Wind in the Willows by Kenneth Grahame.

3. The Mole had been working very hard all the morning, spring-cleaning
his little home. First with brooms, then with dusters; then on ladders
and steps and chairs, with a brush and a pail of whitewash; till he
had dust in his throat and eyes, and splashes of whitewash all over
his black fur, and an aching back and weary arms.

How does the author’s word choice help express the tone of the excerpt?

A. The negative connotations of the words “dust,” “aching,” and “weary” give the excerpt a tone of relaxation.
B. The negative connotations of the words “dust,” “aching,” and “weary” give the excerpt a tone of tiredness.
C. The positive connotations of the words “home,” “morning,” and “splashes” give the excerpt a tone of relaxation.
D. The positive connotations of the words “home,” “morning,” and “splashes” give the excerpt a tone of tiredness. Read the sentence and look at the sentence diagram.

The list with all the ingredients is on the kitchen table.

To make the sentence complete, what should be done with the diagram of the adjectival clause below?

A. It should be removed from the sentence completely.
B. It should be shortened by removing the article “the.”
C. It should be inserted directly after the noun it modifies.
D. It should be moved to the beginning of the sentence.

Respuesta :

1.

What can be inferred about the time period of the passage in question is that personal computers were not the norm among students. This can be seen in the following examples: "with my backpack full of notes about my essay and borrowed books", "after months of note-taking, I was eager to compose my thesis. By reading these sentences, it is possible to say that the student narrating is really eager to use the computers, yet he is not able to do it since "a makeshift list had been added for people awaiting a turn at a computer".

2.

President Reagan presents a substantiated opinion since he quotes an expert. He provides his opinion together with evidence supporting his idea. His thoughts about freedom being the key in achieving progress are also those of Mikhail Lomosov.


3. I believe that the author's word choice help express the tone of the excerpt in the sense that the negative connotations of the words "dust", "aching", and "weary" give the excerpt a tone of tiredness. The passage tells how the mole thoroughly cleans his little home, a really exhausting task to complete, and this is highlighted by the word choice. According to the dictionary Merriam Webster, "weary" means "exhausted in strength, endurance, vigor, or freshness".


4. Clauses can be either independent or dependant. The first ones are known as main clauses, whereas the latter are considered subordinate clauses.  The main clause expresses a complete meaning and can exist on its own. On the contrary, the subordinate clause cannot express a complete meaning on its own.  It can't stand alone without the main clause because it strictly depends on it to give a complete meaning. Its role is "inferior" in terms of the semantics of the sentence .

Subordinate clauses can be nominal, adjectival or adverbial. In "the list with all the ingredients is on the kitchen table", we can identify an adjectival clause telling something about "the list". It is a PP (prepositional phrase) modifying the NP (nominal phrase) "the list". Therefore, the information representend by the PP should not be important in terms of the meaning so as to understand the rest of the sentence. In this way, we could remove the PP and the sentence should be complete --> "The list is on the kitchen table".   The sentence still makes sense after having removed the PP. Therefore, A is your answer.

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