Geographic factors led to the decline of Sumer were:
- The cultivated soil had poor drainage.
- Grain fields of one city-state bordered those of another, which caused territorial wars.
- It was located in a flat plain, and isolated from trade routes.
- Sumer is the earliest civilization in Mesopotamia that flourished with the help of trade with the neighbouring regions.
- Trade helped the Sumerians by gaining their wealth and rich.
- Despite being flourished, the civilization decline for various regions.
- Firstly besides the salinization of the soil, which was unable Sumerians to cultivate crops.
- They also had a poor drainage system.
- In the beginning, they tried to grow barley instead of wheat, but it also failed because of salinity.
- Sumerians also had conflicts with neighbouring states.
Therefore we can conclude that the decline of the Sumer occurred because of a poor drainage system, external conflicts, etc.
Thus option B, C, D is correct answer.
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