Respuesta :
Answer : The correct option is, (a) Groups 3A through 8A
Explanation :
The general electronic configurations of :
Group 1A : [tex]ns^1[/tex]
Group 2A : [tex]ns^2[/tex]
Group 3A : [tex]ns^2np^1[/tex]
Group 4A : [tex]ns^2np^2[/tex]
Group 5A : [tex]ns^2np^3[/tex]
Group 6A : [tex]ns^2np^4[/tex]
Group 7A : [tex]ns^2np^5[/tex]
Group 8A : [tex]ns^2np^6[/tex]
Transition metal : [tex](n-1)d^{(1-10)}ns^{(0-2)}[/tex]
Inner transition metal (Lanthanoids) : [tex]4f^{(1-14)}5d^{(0-1)}6s^2[/tex]
Inner transition metal (Actinoids) : [tex]5f^{(0-14)}6d^{(0-1)}7s^2[/tex]
From the general electronic configurations, we conclude that the groups 3A through groups 8A elements that are characterized by the filling of p-orbitals.
Elements that are characterized by the filling of p orbitals are classified as [tex]\boxed{{\text{a}}{\text{. Groups 3A through 8A}}}[/tex] .
Further Explanation:
In order to make the study of numerous elements easier, these elements are arranged in a tabular form in increasing order of their atomic numbers. Such a tabular representation of elements is called a periodic table. Horizontal rows are called periods and vertical columns are called groups. A periodic table has 18 groups and 7 periods.
a. Groups 3A through 8A
The elements from group 3A to 8A has the general outermost electronic configuration of [tex]n{s^2}n{p^{1 - 6}}[/tex]. So the added electrons are to be filled in p orbitals.
b. Transition metals
These metals have the general valence configuration of [tex]\left( {n - 1} \right){d^{1 - 10}}n{s^{0 - 2}}[/tex]. This indicates that the added electrons enter either s or d orbitals.
c. Inner transition metals
These are classified as lanthanoids and actinoids. The general outermost configuration of lanthanoids is [tex]4{f^{1 - 14}}5{d^{0 - 1}}6{s^2}[/tex] while that of actinoids is [tex]5{f^{0 - 14}}6{d^{0 - 1}}7{s^2}[/tex]. In both cases, the added electron enters either d or f orbitals.
d. Groups 1A and 2A
The elements of group 1A have the general valence electronic configuration of [tex]n{s^1}[/tex]. It implies the last or valence electron enters in the s orbital. The group 2A elements have a general configuration of [tex]n{s^2}[/tex]. Here also the last electron enters the s orbital.
So elements from groups 3A to 8A are classified by the filling of p orbitals and therefore option a is correct.
Learn more:
- Which ion was formed by providing the second ionization energy? https://brainly.com/question/1398705
- Write a chemical equation representing the first ionization energy for lithium: https://brainly.com/question/5880605
Answer details:
Grade: High School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Periodic classification of elements
Keywords: periodic table, configuration, ns1, ns2, d, p, f, 3A, 8A, transition metals, inner transition metals, lanthanoids, actinoids, orbitals, 1A, 2A.
