Respuesta :
Answer: The true statements are following:
- Energy of the universe is constant; the entropy of the universe increases.
- If a process increases the randomness of the particles of a system, the entropy of the system increases.
- All spontaneous processes release heat.
- Both [tex]\Delta S_{sys}[/tex] and [tex]S_{surr}[/tex] must equal zero at equilibrium.
Explanation:
Spontaneous reactions are defined as the reaction which occur on its own and they do not require any external force to start.
- All spontaneous reactions show a positive value for change in entropy. Each spontaneous reaction requires different amount of time.
Hence, the statement all spontaneous reactions occur quickly, is false.
- Entropy of the Universe always increases and energy always changes from one form to another. Hence, the statement energy of the universe is constant; the entropy of the universe increases, is true.
- As entropy is the degree of randomness. So, with increases the randomness of the particles of a system there will also be increase in randomness.
Therefore, the statement if a process increases the randomness of the particles of a system, the entropy of the system increases, is true.
- Some processes are non-spontaneous in nature. Hence, the statement all systems become more disordered spontaneously, is false.
- Since, randomness between the molecules increases so, heat is eventually released in all spontaneous processes. Therefore, the statement all spontaneous processes release heat, is true.
- For a reversible process, entropy change of the Universe is equal to 0. Therefore,
[tex]\Delta S_{Universe} = \Delta S_{system} + \Delta S_{surrounding}[/tex]
Hence, the statement both [tex]\Delta S_{sys}[/tex] and [tex]S_{surr}[/tex] must equal zero at equilibrium, is true.
