Despotism is usually called the kind of monarchical state in which the monarch rules unbound by all laws, only at his own discretion. This form of government prevailed in the great monarchies of antiquity and has been so even in modern times in Tsarist Russia and in the East.
The term is also used in political science in a broader sense, namely to denote a legally binding, offensive governing body against personal freedom and security, regardless of the type of state form.
In our time, tendencies have emerged, which are to completely suppress individual freedom through the legislation of the state, and thereby a new despotism threatens to arise, which can be called state despotism. Here, then, the meaning touches on totalitarianism.
In this context, Thomas Jefferson, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and a quintessential Republican, believed that citizens had the right to rebel against governments that became authoritarian and violated the rules of democracy and republicanism.
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