Respuesta :
Option (c) :
Sodium metal and chlorine gas form solid sodium chloride is spontaneous process.
The enthalpy of salt formation is negative. As a result, the reaction is exothermic. When two elements are combined, the entropy decreases.
The total spontaneity is affected by temperature and whether the gibbs free energy is positive or negative.
The Gibbs energy for NaCl formation is negative. As a result, the reaction is spontaneous.
While,
(a) The motion of the Earth around the Sun is a non spontaneous process.
The sun and the earth are drawn to each other by gravitational force, whereas movement is determined by the presence of momentum.
If gravity disappears, the earth will begin to fall straight down until it collides with another object in space. As a result, the earth's orbit around the sun is not spontaneous.
(b) A boulder rolling up a hill is a non spontaneous process.
Boulder has a large mass that is attracted to the earth by gravity; in order to move up the hill, a certain external mechanical force is required. As a result, it is not a spontaneous process.
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