Why does bombardment with protons usually require higher energies than bombardment with neutrons?

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23-08-2022
Chemistry

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Why does bombardment with protons usually require higher energies than bombardment with neutrons?

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Tutorconsortium356 Tutorconsortium356 · Answer 1 · 2022-08-25T21:53:27+02:00

Because it is big (its mass is a significant portion of the overall mass of an atomic nucleus), reasonably stable (free neutrons can remain for many minutes), and—most importantly—does not have an electric charge. It can start a chain reaction since it is a component of the blasted nuclei (which can be useful). Unfortunately, atomic nuclei and protons are both positively charged. The proton is the only other particle that is equally large and stable. They therefore turn away from one another. On the other hand, neutrons are unaffected by deflection and can go all the way to the nucleus.

What is a nucleus?

On the basis of the 1909 Geiger-Marsden gold foil experiment, Ernest Rutherford identified the atomic nucleus in 1911, which is the compact, dense area made up of protons and neutrons at the heart of an atom. Dmitri Ivanenko and Werner Heisenberg immediately created models for a nucleus made of protons and neutrons after the neutron was discovered in 1932. A positively charged nucleus and a cloud of negatively charged electrons that are held together by electrostatic force make up an atom. The electron cloud contributes very little to the atom's mass, which is almost entirely in the nucleus. The nuclear force brings protons and neutrons together to create a nucleus.

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