A cyano group (cn) will successfully hydrolyze to a carboxylic acid group when H3O+, heat -OH, and H2O are present (cooh). Numerous reactions can occur to nitriles, including hydrolysis to carboxylic acids.
Instead of HCN, KCN (potassium cyanide) is frequently employed as the reagent to give the nucleophile (hydrogen cyanide). This is because HCN interacts to produce hazardous byproducts and is difficult to store as a gas.
Aldehydes or ketones' carbonyl group, C=O, reacts with organolithium or Grignard reagents to produce alcohols. The type of alcohol produced depends on the carbonyl's substitutes. Primary alcohols are produced when methanal (formaldehyde) is added.
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