Answer:
To estimate the mean study time of all students taking the exam based on the sample of nine students, we can calculate the **sample mean**:
1. Sum the study times of all nine students:
18 + 7 + 10 + 13 + 12 + 16 + 5 + 20 + 21 = 122
2. *Divide the sum by the number of students in the sample (9):
122 hours / 9 students = 13.56 hours
Therefore, the estimated mean study time for all students taking the exam, based on this sample of nine, is 13.6 hours, rounded to the nearest tenth of an hour.
Important note: This is just an estimate based on a small sample. The actual mean study time for all students could be higher or lower than this value. A larger sample size would provide a more accurate estimate.
I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any other questions.